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Area Codes for the Largest Cities in California The northwest corner of California have red Wood National Park; a Yosemite National Park, Jens Canyon National Park in eastern Sierra Nevada foothills west slope; southeast of Death Valley National Monument, the Joshua Tree National monument. The state flower is the Jin Yingsu (Golden Poppy). The state bird is the California quail (California Valley Quail). The state tree is the California mahogany (California Redwood). The motto is "I have found it" (I have found it). California is located in the southwestern United States, Mexico to the South and the Pacific Ocean to the West and north to Oregon, east of Nevada and adjacent to the southeast and Arizona. State of California
Administrative region class state USA belongs to western area Under the jurisdiction of Losangeles area, San Francisco Government resident of Sacramento Area of 423970 square kilometers A population of 40120000 (2013) California dialect of English Climatic conditions in different climate of North and South The state public train station train station License plate code CAL The population density of 87.85 people / sq km (2013) Climate and area: 423971 square kilometers of state area, ranking third in the United States 50. Is a temperate climate, humid and rainy winter, the average temperature of 7 degrees Celsius to 17 degrees Celsius; summer dry, sunny, the average temperature of 15 degrees Celsius to 26 degrees celsius. Urban population: California national population density is the highest in the state. It has a population of about 3769 million (in 2011), ranking first in the nation, as a Chinese national is the most concentrated area, Sacramento (Sacramento), major cities in Southern California have (Los Angeles) and (Santiago), the major cities in Northern California is San Francisco. History: in 1542-1579, Portuguese and the British people has came to California Adventure, began in the late 18th century, Spanish missionaries gradually established settlements. 1846-1848 years of the Mexican American war ended, California was divided into the United States and Mexico, today's California and Mexico. California joined the United States in 1850 to become the United States thirty-first states. Economic indicators: California is the largest state of the U.S. economy, in 2011 GDP was $19589, accounting for 13.08% of the proportion of the United States GDP, ranking first in the state of the United states. 2011 per capita GDP51972 us dollars. Trade situation: foreign trade occupies an important position in the economy of California, accounting for about 25% of California's gross domestic product, and second of American States in export trade (first in Texas).  2011 total exports of foreign trade 159 billion 350 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 11.3%. The main export products for civil aircraft and parts, electronic products, industrial machinery, computers, transportation tools, precision instruments, oil, etc.. California products to the world's 224 countries and regions, mainly in Mexico, Canada, China, Japan, Korea, China Hongkong, Taiwan, China, Germany, the United Kingdom, Holland, etc.. Japan is the largest investor in California, the other major foreign source countries are: Holland, the United Kingdom and germany. Foreign investors in the main areas of investment in California is very wide, there are manufacturing, service and wholesale. Investment in manufacturing is concentrated in the high-tech industries, such as chemical, pharmaceutical, computer and electronic industries. Foreign investment in the service industry is mainly concentrated in the bank, the foreign bank's assets in the total assets of the Bank of California accounted for 1/5. California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada in the east ¨C from the Redwood¨CDouglas fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by the Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the 3rd longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). High tech industry: one of the major industries in California, the nation's 100 fastest developing high-tech companies, there are 39 in California, only one place in the Silicon Valley of high-tech products exports accounted for 1/3 of the United states. Nearly half of the U.S. biotechnology employment in California, nearly 30% of the U.S. biotechnology company headquartered in California, medical equipment and measurement and control equipment production accounted for 20% of the United states. |
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| y Spanish and indigenous) ¨C and the ind¨ªgenas, the indigenous
descendants of Mexico¡¯s pre-Hispanic inhabitants. Mestizos are in the great majority and hold most positions of power and influence, but the ind¨ªgenas, while mostly materially poor, are often culturally rich. Approximately 60 Mexican indigenous peoples survive, each with their own language and, often, unique costumes, and their way of life is still imbued with communal customs, beliefs and rituals bound up with nature. By official figures approximately 15 million people in Mexico (13% of the population) are indigenous. The biggest group is the Nahua, descendants of the ancient Aztecs, nearly three million of whom are spread around central Mexico. The approximately two million Yucatec Maya on the Yucat¨¢n Peninsula are direct descendants of the ancient Maya, as (probably) are the Tzotziles and Tzeltales of Chiapas (totaling about one million). Also directly descended from well-known pre-Hispanic peoples are the estimated one million Zapotecs and 800,000 Mixtecs, mainly in Oaxaca; the 400,000 Totonacs in Veracruz; and the 200,000 Pur¨¦pecha (Tarasco people) in Michoac¨¢n. The secrets of physical and spiritual health of a Nahua curandera (literally ¡®curer¡¯) are revealed in Woman Who Glows in the Dark by Elena ¨¢vila. The Spiritual Dimension Yoga, the temascal (indigenous cleansing steam bath) and new-age cosmic energies may mean more to some Mexicans today than traditional Roman Catholicism, but a spiritual dimension of some kind or other remains important in most Mexicans¡¯ lives. COMMUNING WITH DEPARTED SOULS Perhaps no other festival reveals more about Mexican spirituality than the D¨ªa de ?uertos (Day of the Dead), the happy-sad remembrance of departed loved ones at the beginning of November. The D¨ªa de Muertos originated in colonial times, when the Catholic Church fused indigenous rites honoring and communing with the dead with its own celebrations of All Saints¡¯ Day (November 1) and All Souls¡¯ Day (November 2). Today Muertos is a national phenomenon, with people everywhere cleaning graves and decorating them with flowers, holding graveyard vigils and building elaborate altars to welcome back their loved ones. For the mestizo (mixed ancestry) majority, it¡¯s more of a popular folk festival and family occasion. The Catholic belief is that departed souls are in heaven or in purgatory, not actually back on a visit to Earth. Nevertheless, many find comfort in a sense that lost loved ones are somehow more present at this time. Among many indigenous communities, Muertos is still very much a religious and spiritual event. For them, the observance might more appropriately be called Noche de Muertos (Night of the Dead), because families actually spend whole nights at the graveyard communing with the dead. Sugar skulls, chocolate coffins and toy skeletons are sold in markets everywhere, both as Muertos gifts for children and graveyard decorations; this tradition derives in great measure from the work of artist Jos¨¦ Guadalupe Posada (1852¨C1913), renowned for his satirical figures of a skeletal Death cheerfully engaging in everyday life, working, dancing, courting, drinking and riding horses into battle. Roman Catholicism About 85% of Mexicans profess Roman Catholicism, making this the world¡¯s second-biggest Catholic country after Brazil. Almost half of Mexican Catholics attend church weekly. Though church and state have a history of rocky relations, Catholicism remains very much part of the nation¡¯s established fabric. Most Mexican fiestas are built around local saints¡¯ days, and pilgrimages to important shrines are a big feature of the calendar. The church¡¯s most binding symbol is Nuestra Se?ora de Guadalupe, the dark- skinned manifestation of the Virgin Mary who appeared to an Aztec potter, Juan Diego, in 1531 on Cerro del Tepeyac hill in what¡¯s now northern Mexico City. A crucial link between Catholic and indigenous spirituality, the Virgin of Guadalupe is now the country¡¯s religious patron, an archetypal mother whose blue-cloaked image is ubiquitous and whose name is invoked in political speeches and literature as well as religious ceremonies. December 12, her feast day, sees large-scale celebrations and pilgrimages all over the country, biggest of all in Mexico City. Though some church figures have supported causes such as indigenous rights, the Mexican Catholic Church is a socially conservative body. It has alienated some sectors of the population by its strong opposition to Mexico City¡¯s legalization of abortion and to the gay marriages or civil unions which are now legal in Mexico City and the states of Colima, Quintana Roo and Coahuila. SANTA MUERTE A bizarre and growing challenge to mainstream religion comes from the cult of Santa Muerte (Saint Death), which was condemned as blasphemous by the Vatican in 2013 but by some estimates now has eight million followers in Mexico. Many Mexicans who feel that the traditional Catholic Trinity and saints are not answering their prayers are now praying and making offerings to cloaked, scythe- wielding skeleton images in private and public sanctuaries. Drug gangs are notoriously among the cult¡¯s most loyal followers, and there have even been reports of alleged human sacrifices to Santa Muerte. The best known Santa Muerte Altar (Alfarer¨ªa, north of Mineros; Tepito) is in Mexico City¡¯s crime-ridden Tepito neighborhood. Indigenous Religion The Spanish missionaries of the 16th and 17th centuries won indigenous Mexicans over to Catholicism by grafting it onto pre-Hispanic religions. Old gods were renamed as Christian saints, old festivals were melded with Christian feast days. Indigenous Christianity is still fused with ancient beliefs today. Jalisco¡¯s Huichol people have two Christs, but Nakaw¨¦, the fertility goddess, is a more important deity. In the Catholic church at the Tzotzil Maya town of San Juan Chamula, you may see chanting curanderos (healers) carrying out shamanistic rites. In the traditional indigenous world almost everything has a spiritual dimension ¨C trees, rivers, hills, wind, rain and sun have their own gods or spirits, and illness may be seen as a ¡®loss of soul¡¯ resulting from wrongdoing or from the malign influence of someone with magical powers. Around 10% of Mexicans adhere to non-Catholic varieties of Christianity. Some are members of Protestant churches set up by US missionaries in the 19th century. Millions of others, especially among the indigenous rural poor of southeast Mexico, have been converted since the 1970s by a wave of American Pentecostal, Evangelical, Mormon, Seventh-Day Adventist and Jehovah¡¯s Witness missionaries. Letting off Steam Mexicans have many ways of releasing their emotional and physical energy. Religion , artistic expression and the countless fiestas are among them. So are sports. F¨²tbol No sport ignites Mexicans¡¯ passions more than f¨²tbol (soccer). Games in the 18- team Liga MX, the national First Division, are played at weekends almost year |
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